Somet Algérie–Espagne, 7-8 janvier

“Initialement prévu en février 2008, le sommet Zapatero-Bouteflika, dont la tenue était suspendue à l’aval d’Alger, … se déroulera en fin de compte cette semaine dans la capitale espagnole. …  Ce sommet est devenu possible après que l’Espagne eut assoupli ses positions dans un certain nombre de dossiers, notamment l’énergie, le Sahara occidental et l’immigration, qui constitueront d’ailleurs les principales questions que traiteront les deux responsables….”

“L’immigration clandestine, point sur lequel divergeaient les deux parties, sera également au centre des entretiens entre Bouteflika et Zapatero, qui tenteront d’aplanir leur différend sur le sujet, notamment concernant le traitement réservé aux immigrants clandestins par les autorités ibériques….”

Click here or here for the article.

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Harraga, ces damnés de la terre

Un article de Mohamed TOUATI (L’Expression, Algérie):

“Chaque année, des milliers de jeunes [Algériens] bravent la mort. Ils étaient quelque 4000 à avoir tenté l’aventure en 2008, selon les statistiques. Ce triste record devrait largement être dépassé en 2009.”

“La loi punissant toute personne qui tente de quitter illégalement le territoire national de 2 à 6 mois de prison ainsi que d’une amende de 20.000 à 60.000 dinars s’est avérée bien peu dissuasive et pratiquement d’aucune efficacité pour ne serait-ce que juguler ce fléau.”

“A la fin du mois de décembre 2008, soit pratiquement une année, jour pour jour, la presse écrite nationale dans son ensemble avait largement fait cas dans ses manchettes de 600 corps d’Algériens se trouvant dans les morgues espagnoles. Almeria, Alicante et d’autres villes encore. Une information livrée il y a une année lors d’une conférence de presse par la Commission nationale pour la sauvegarde de la jeunesse algérienne affiliée à la Laddh, la Ligue algérienne de la défense des droits de l’homme, aile Hocine Zahouane. «Les corps qui sont déposés dans les morgues des villes, à Almeria ou ailleurs, certains depuis six mois, d’autres depuis deux ans, sont en état de décomposition avancé», selon les déclarations de l’imam de la ville d’Alicante.  Une information vite démentie par Djamal Ould Abbès. Le ministre de la Solidarité nationale, de la Famille et de la Communauté nationale à l’étranger a cependant reconnu que neuf cadavres ont été recensés dans les morgues d’Alicante et de Murcie.”

Click here for full article.

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EU-Funded IOM Project in Yemen

Saba, the Yemen News Agency reported that an 18 month € 2 million EU-funded project implemented by IOM will begin this month.

“The IOM-suggested project has been designed in response to humanitarian and security challenges caused by migration into Yemen, mainly through the Gulf of Aden, directly linked to organized crime, trading in human and instability in the region and Yemen, [project manager Fawzi al-Zayood] said. The [project] outcomes are expected to include a framework for legislation and policies for migration management, training about 800 employees working at the migration authority and Border Guard and establishing a fund to provide services for trafficking-victimized migrants under the supervision of the IOM.”

Click here for article.

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Canary Islands – Migrant arrivals at 10 year low

2,242 migrants arrived in the Canary Islands in 2009 compared with approximately 9,000 in 2008.  This was the lowest number of migrant arrivals since 1999 when 2,165 migrants arrived. There were 32 confirmed migrant deaths in 2009 compared to 45 in 2008.

The largest number of migrant arrivals took place in 2006 when 31,859 migrants arrived.  Coordinated Frontex operations were expanded beginning in May 2006.  Since 1994 there have been over 96,000 recorded arrivals.

Click here (EN), here (FR) and here (ES) for articles.

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Spanish EU Presidency’s Web Site and Work Programme

The Spanish EU Presidency’s web site is up and running.

Excerpts from a summary of the Presidency’s work programme:

“This will be the fourth occasion that Spain has held the Presidency of the European Union. On each of the previous occasions, it faced important challenges. But none, like now, have coincided with a global crisis like the one that is affecting the economy and at a time as strategic as now in the European transformation process. This gives our Presidency a unique significance and, at the same time, even greater responsibility.”

“Spain has worked very closely with Belgium and Hungary to prepare a joint program for the next 18 months, in accordance with the Treaty, which was presented to the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs on the 7th and 8th in Brussels.”

“These are the four main priorities of our Presidency:

• The first and essential priority for the development of the others is the full and effective application of the Lisbon Treaty.

• The second is to guarantee the economic recovery of Europe through greater co-ordination of every member state and the approval of the European strategy for sustainable growth for 2020.

• The third is to reinforce the presence and influence of the European Union in the new world order.

• Finally, the fourth is to place European citizens at the centre of EU policy, with initiatives designed to develop their rights and freedoms.”

“We are also going to encourage dialogue and co-operation with South Mediterranean countries, the stability and prosperity of which constitute a priority for Europe. The structure of the Union for the Mediterranean needs to be configured and its General Secretariat set up in Barcelona.”

“We will also initiate the process for the European Union’s accession to the Convention on Human Rights, and we will approve the Stockholm Programme Action Plan for the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, with measures that will have a considerable positive effect on the security of our citizens.”

“We know that dealing with immigration is one of Europe’s greatest challenges. We, who have contributed to the content of European policy on immigration over the last few years, are well aware of the situation.”

“Now we will deal with it in its different aspects, from integration and cooperation with the countries of origin and transit, to the tireless fight against the mafias that exploit the desperation of the less fortunate.”

Click here for full document.

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Thatcher Wanted to Buy Island for Vietnamese Boat People in 1979

Documents released under the UK’s 30 year rule (requiring many Government documents to be turned over to the National Archives after 30 years) reveal that former PM Margaret Thatcher considered the possibility of buying an Indonesian or Philippine island not only for the staging and screening of Vietnamese boat people, but also as a place of resettlement for the Vietnamese.

Click here, here, and here for articles.

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Le nombre de clandestins arrivés en Espagne soit retombé à 7.000

“Le chef du gouvernement espagnol José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero s’est félicité … que le nombre de clandestins arrivés en Espagne soit retombé à 7.000 en 2009 contre 14.000 en 2008, estimant être en train de ‘gagner le combat’ contre l’immigration illégale.”

“Selon des statistiques encore provisoires, le nombre des clandestins subsahariens arrivés cette année dans des embarcations de fortune sur le seul l’archipel espagnol des Canaries, au large de l’Afrique, est retombé à environ 2.250, contre plus de 9.000 en 2008 et un record de 31.600 en 2006.  Le nombre de clandestins arrivés cette année sur les côtes d’Andalousie, en provenance notamment du Maghreb, a en revanche augmenté.”

Zapatero “a attribué cette baisse globale aux accords de coopération conclus avec les pays d’origine en Afrique et au renforcement des moyens de lutte contre l’immigration clandestine, notamment le dispositif européen Frontex au large des côtes africaines.”

Click here for article.

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España: La llegada de inmigrantes ilegales se ha reducido a la mitad

Conferencia de prensa del Presidente del Gobierno, José Luis Zapatero, después de la reunión del Consejo de Ministros:

“ *** En el campo de la seguridad colectiva debería, como antes referí, hacer una referencia a la política de inmigración ilegal, que en alguna de mis comparecencias de esta naturaleza ha sido tema central, también para expresar nuestra satisfacción porque la llegada de inmigrantes ilegales durante 2009 se ha reducido a la mitad en relación con 2008: hemos pasado de catorce mil a siete mil. Se está ganando el combate a la inmigración ilegal después de haber sufrido, como saben, especialmente en 2006 y 2007, años extraordinariamente difíciles. Y se está haciendo gracias a un despliegue amplísimo de política de cooperación con los países de origen, la mayoría de ellos países africanos, y con un refuerzo de todos los medios personales y materiales en la lucha contra la inmigración ilegal. No vamos a bajar la guardia, sabemos que puede haber momento de repunte; pero, afortunadamente, un tema de gran calado y de gran preocupación está en una dirección muy adecuada. *** “

Click here for transcript of Press Conference.

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Puntland Authorities Detain Migrants

The Somaliweyn Website reported that Puntland authorities have arrested over 100 intending migrants:

“‘The exact number of the people whom we have arrested is 110, and they are from different nations in Africa, but the leading numbers of the people are from our immediate neighbour Ethiopia, the entire of these people were intending to cross the wide waters between Yemen and Puntland state, and just before they have accomplished their dreams they were apprehended by our security personnel’ said Musse Ahmed Abdurahman the police commissioner of Puntland state speaking to Somaliweyn Website via the wire. The Police commissioner has also added that lately the number of the persons intending to illegally cross the water between Yemen and Puntland has been rapidly mounting….”

IRIN reported: “‘We have begun to force would-be migrants back to their homes for their own safety. I would rather have them back in their homelands than dying at sea,’ said Muse Ghelle Yusuf, governor of Puntland’s Bari region. He said thousands of Ethiopians and Somalis are currently in Bosasso, the commercial capital of Puntland, intending to cross into Yemen.
‘Our estimate is that as of today [29 December 2009] there are 4,000-5,000 migrants in and around Bosasso,’ Yusuf said, noting that 1,000-1,700 have been arriving in the area daily.”

Click here, here, and here for articles.

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Le Maroc: Un cul-de- sac pour les migrants en quête d’une vie meilleure en Europe

Un article de La Libre (Belgique) sur les migrants subsahariens au Maroc:

“En contrepartie de son investissement pour bloquer les mouvements de populations subsahariennes, [le Maroc]  a obtenu des aides européennes non négligeables, soit 654 millions d’euros entre 2007 et 2010. Les organisations marocaines de défense des droits de l’homme s’en indignent, lui reprochant d’être ‘le gendarme ou l’arme de régulation de l’Europe’. Les responsables marocains préfèrent, quant à eux, garder le silence sur un dossier bien trop encombrant….”

“Les chiffres officiels font état de 10000 à 15000 migrants bloqués au Maroc, principalement originaires du Mali, du Sénégal, de Gambie, du Congo ou du Libéria. Difficile de donner un chiffre exact pour une population mobile qui évolue dans le cadre d’un système parallèle….”

“La politique restrictive et répressive de ‘bouclage’ des frontières, menée par les pays de l’Union européenne, a eu comme résultat prévisible d’enfermer à l’intérieur même du Maroc les candidats à l’émigration. Ils se retrouvent contraints de rester pour des périodes relativement longues dans une Afrique du Nord qui les dénigre, attendant qu’une occasion de traverser se présente….”

Click here for article.

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NGO Asylum Good Practice Recommendations to Spain, Belgium, and Hungary

CEAR (Spanish Refugee Council), the Flemish Refugee Action (Vluchtelingenwerk Vlaanderen), CIRE (Coordination et Initiatives pour Réfugiés et Etrangers),and the Hungarian Helsinki Committee (Magyar Helsinki Bizottság) have made a series of good practice recommendations to Spain, Belgium and Hungary.  These three countries are “the new Trio of States that will hold the Presidency of the European Union from January 2010 until June 2011, a crucial moment for the development of the EU policy and legislation in the field of asylum … The Trio will therefore play a key role in [the] implementation [of the Stockholm Programme] … The aim of [the recommendations is ] to complement ECRE’s positions and identify, from a more national perspective, those issues where the often diverse experiences of Spain, Belgium and Hungary can be employed to effectively address some of the main shortcomings of asy­lum systems in Europe.”

“As a general recommendation we urge the Trio of States to join their efforts in ensuring that the second phase of the Common European Asylum System will translate the best practices and highest protec­tion standards of the Member States’ national laws into EU legislation. The harmonisation on minimum standards, too often resulted in the lowest common denominators, should not be repeated.”

“[I]t must also be noted that in recent years a worrisome tendency has developed towards the exter­nalisation of responsibility for asylum claims outside the EU to neighbouring third countries. In this respect we recommend the Trio of States to support cooperation with third countries aimed at reinforcing their protection system. At the same time we urge the Trio of States to take a strong and clear position to make sure such cooperation does not become a way for the EU to escape its responsibility to protect under international and EU law.”

Click here for full document.

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Workshop: “The Human Costs of Border Control in the Context of EU Maritime Migration Systems”

VU University Amsterdam held a three day Exploratory Workshop in October 2009 on “The Human Costs of Border Control in the Context of EU Maritime Migration Systems.”

Executive Summary of the Workshop’s Goals:

“The ongoing European harmonisation of migration and border control policies has as a side-effect unclear, but definitely rising numbers of fatalities at European borders (different estimates suggest anything between 1.000 and 10.000 annually). This process has considerable consequences for EU institutions, governments, the administrations of EU Member States, for migrants and people assisting migrants, and neighbouring countries. The consequences are diverse in nature, concerning policy, institutions, social cohesion and conflict, and law. However, while these consequences of the Europeanisation of migration policy are the subject of numerous academic studies, until now, the human costs of border control has received only isolated academic attention. There are insufficient data, and a comprehensive analysis is lacking. This workshop aims at bringing together leading European academics from different disciplines working on this issue. The immediate aim of the workshop is to integrate the analyses of those academics, with a view to developing a comprehensive analysis. The ultimate aim is to create a network engaging in comprehensive data gathering and analysis, leading to concrete suggestions to limit the undesirable side-effects of European migration policies.”

Draft workshop papers (which are not to be quoted or cited to without prior consent of the author) included the following:

Martin Baldwin-Edwards
The Human Costs of Border Control: Greece

Anat Ben-Dor
The un-checked dangers of the Israeli-Egyptian Sinai border

Hein de Haas
Trans-Saharan and Trans-Mediterranean migration – Questioning the transit hypothesis

María Hernández-Carretero
Boat migrants’ perspectives on risk

Ernesto Kiza
The Human Costs of Border Control at the External EU Borders between 1999 and 2004

Silja Klepp
A double bind: Malta and the rescue of unwanted migrants at sea

Mehdi Lahlou
The Human and Political Costs of Irregular Migration: Morocco case

Jorrit J. Rijpma
Frontex: successful blame shifting of the Member States?

Click here for more of the Workshop’s working materials.

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Conference: ‘Explaining the Stockholm Programme: Changes and novelties on Immigration and Criminal Justice Cooperation and importance for the UK’ (29 Jan 2010)

“The Centre of European Law together with the generous support of the Representation of the European Commission in the UK are organising a major conference on the Stockholm Programme entitled ‘Explaining the Stockholm programme: Changes and novelties on Immigration and Criminal Justice Cooperation and importance for the United Kingdom.’

By December 2009, the European Council will have adopted the new multiannual programme on Justice and Home Affairs, better known as the Stockholm programme. This programme will have substituted the previous Hague programme adopted on 5 November 2004, which was itself a continuation of the Tampere programme adopted in 1999. The new Stockholm programme will have been adopted under the current Swedish Presidency.

The objective of this conference is to inform academics, practitioners, policy makers and the civil society in general about the Stockholm Programme. It will explore its strengths and weaknesses, particularly with regards to immigration and criminal justice co-operation, and on the role that the United Kingdom will play in these areas at a European level in the future.”

For further details of the programme click here.

“Friday 29 January 2010

Great Hall, Strand Campus, King’s College London 9.30 (registration from 9.00) Free of charge, all welcome

To Register please contact Christine Copping, Centre Manager, Centre of European Law christine.copping@kcl.ac.uk

The conference will be accredited for CPD with the Solicitor’s Regulation Authority and the Bar Standards Board.”

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EMHRN Recommendations to the Incoming Spanish EU Presidency

The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network (EMHRN) has conveyed a series of recommendations to the new Spanish EU Presidency regarding the Union for the Mediterranean and the European Neighbourhood Policy.

Relevant excerpts include:

“Migration and Asylum

[***]

In relation to asylum, the EMHRN wishes to underline the following elements:

Refugees and asylum seekers face great difficulties when trying to reach safe havens in the EU.  Due to push back operations and severe, indiscriminate border control policies, including EU supported operations in third countries, asylum seekers often find themselves trapped in North Africa and in the Middle East (MENA), that do not offer them any sort of protection despite the presence of the UNHCR.

Several countries of the region have not yet ratified the 1951 Geneva Convention on the status of refugees and none of the countries from the region has a proper asylum system. Refugees and asylum seekers face extreme vulnerability and are often prevented from accessing their most basic rights. …

In relation to border control, the EU and its member states are keen on promoting cooperation with third countries with the purpose of better controlling migratory flows. It remains that the EU has, until now, failed to properly integrate a human rights dimension to such cooperation policies.

Most countries of the region criminalize irregular migration. Migrants are being arbitrarily arrested and put in detention, with no possibility of appeal. They may face ill treatment and unlawful deportation.

The conclusion of readmission agreements is promoted by the EU and its members. Negotiations have been ongoing for several years between the EU and Morocco to conclude such an agreement. A mandate has also been given by the Member states to negotiate an agreement with Algeria.

The EMHRN believes that returning migrants to countries other than their own, or to countries where they have no anchor and no legal residency, may put them in danger.

Push back and interception operations, including at sea, are other policy instruments promoted by the EU and its member states. Several of these operations have resulted in endangering the security of migrants and asylum seekers and may have resulted in a violation of the ‘non refoulement’ principle.

The EMHRN acknowledges the right of a state to control its borders. However, the EMHRN calls on the Spanish Presidency to actively promote policies ensuring that

  • • cooperation with third countries from the region does not endanger migrants and refugees.
  • •cooperation policy in the field of border management considers the impact of such measures on the access of refugees to international protection mechanisms, including in Europe.
  • • the EU member states strictly respect the principle of ‘non refoulement’ as well as their obligation under article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
  • no person is returned to a country other than its own or where he/she has no legal residency.”

Click here for full recommendations.

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France24 Video Podcast: “Yemen, the new Eldorado?”

Video Report by France24 reporters Cyril VANIER and Karim HAKKI.

“We’re standing on a beach in southern Yemen, early one November morning. On the opposite side of the Gulf of Aden lies the Horn of Africa, one of the most troubled regions on earth, racked by civil war and poverty. Those who can pay for their way out, make their way to Yemen. Seventy dollars buys them a spot on the next boat out. Many are beaten on the way, sometimes women are raped, and all too often – passengers drown. Those who reach Yemen will have to start a new life from scratch. The sea is calm this morning, it is high season for illegal boats crossing into Yemen. Last night, we heard a motor boat travelling parallel to the beach. There was no light, no noise on board except for the engine: probably a smuggler using the cover of night to carry his human cargo….”

Click here for link to podcast.

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Filed under Ethiopia, Gulf of Aden, News, Somalia, Yemen