Author Archives: Niels Frenzen

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About Niels Frenzen

Clinical Professor of Law, Gould School of Law, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA. Contact: frenzen@usc.edu; @migrantsatsea

Frontex: Italy-Libya Repatriation Agreement is “Effective” and Saves Lives (News)

Further to the previous post, in the same press conference, Frontex’s Arias-Fernandez seemed to characterise the repatriation agreement in a completely positive manner and, while conceding that the fate of migrants returned to Libya is unknown, Arias-Fernandez apparently did not express concern over the fact that migrants who are forcibly repatriated to Libya have no procedure by which to seek protection under international refugee law, EU subsidiary protections, or the European Convention on Human Rights.

Arias-Fernandez: ”From January 1 2009 to July 5, there were 333 illegal arrivals [by boat in Italy] according to our people in the field. For the same period last year there were 776. As for Sicily, including Lampedusa, the [number of migrants] passed from last year’s 14,806 to 6,760 this year.”

“From May 15 on … when the [Italy-Libya] agreements became effective, [Frontex] agents noticed even more of a decrease. The decrease in this last month and a half may have even reached -70%.  Based on our statistics, we are able to say that the agreements have had a positive impact. On the humanitarian level, fewer human lives have been put at risk, due to fewer departures. But our agency does not have the ability to confirm if the right to request asylum as well as other human rights are being respected in Libya.”

Click here for ANSA article.

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Filed under Frontex, Italy, Libya, Mediterranean, News

Frontex: Italy-Libya Agreement has “strong dissuading effect” (News, Statistics)

Frontex deputy director Gil Arias Fernandez said that the economic crisis has caused a drop in the number of migrants coming to the EU and that the Italy-Libya migration agreement has also had “a very strong dissuading effect.”  “When you see people who have spent a lot of money on their journey, who have faced great danger during the sea crossing, come back having been expelled from the country of arrival, you think twice before undertaking a similar voyage.”

Frontex reports a 16% reduction in the overall number of irregular migrants stopped at EU borders over the past year.  Sicily and Lampedusa experienced a 54% reduction in migrants over the first six months of 2009 compared with 2008 figures, 6,760 vs. 14,800.

Click here for article.

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Filed under Data / Stats, European Union, Frontex, Italy, Libya, News

MEP and British National Party Leader Griffin: EU Should Sink Immigrant Boats (News)

In an interview with the program “BBC Parliament’s The Record Europe”, Nick Griffin, the leader of the extremist right-wing British National Party, and a recently elected MEP from North-West England, said:

“If there’s measures to set up some kind of force or to help, say the Italians, set up a force which actually blocks the Mediterranean then we’d support that. But the only measure, sooner or later, which is going to stop immigration and stop large numbers of sub-Saharan Africans dying on the way to get over here is to get very tough with those coming over. Frankly, they need to sink several of those boats.”

In a subsequent interview with “BNP News” after the BBC interview, Griffin said sinking migrant boats would save lives:

“Thousands of Africans drown every year in their attempts to cross the Mediterranean in their rickety unseaworthy boats. They undertake this hazardous journey because they are convinced that if they get to Europe, they will be allowed in. If they get the message very clearly that they will under no circumstances be allowed in, they will stop coming. Ultimately, it is the only solution to this ongoing problem.”

Click here for the BBC article and link to the BBC interview.

Click here for a link to the BNP website and the “BNP News” interview.

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Filed under Mediterranean, News, UK

Camps d’enfermement de harraga en Tunisie (News)

From Al Watan:

“[300 harraga] sont actuellement détenus dans des centres de rétention secrets. Ces centres seraient au nombre de 11 puisqu’en contrepartie de sa coopération dans la lutte contre l’immigration clandestine, l’Italie s’était engagée à aider son partenaire tunisien et ce, dans le cadre du premier accord bilatéral sur l’immigration qu’ils ont signé en 1998.

“… 13 camps d’enfermement [ont été construits] dont un près de Tunis, un autre entre Gabes et la frontière libyenne. « Où sont les 11 autres camps ? » Cela a toujours été un secret….

” [D]ans [un second accord signé le 27 janvier 2009], il est question de la définition d’un plan qui permet la simplification et l’accélération des procédures d’identification des migrants tunisiens enfermés dans les centres de rétention italiens et l’expulsion « graduelle et constante » des migrants….  En réalité, indiquent ces sources, Tunis a accepté l’expulsion de 500 migrants, à la condition qu’elle soit étalée dans le temps 150 migrants expulsés par mois les deux premiers mois succédant l’entrée en vigueur de l’accord, ensuite 100 personnes par mois par petits groupes de 7 personnes maximum.

“Le nombre de personnes expulsées dans le cadre de cet accord n’est pas clair, vu qu’aucun chiffre officiel n’est donné. …

“[L]’un des points de l’accord … prévoient … la réadmission, par la Tunisie, de ses citoyens mais aussi de ressortissants de pays tiers entrés illégalement sur le territoire italien en provenance des côtes tunisiennes… ainsi que l’intensification des contrôles des forces de l’ordre des deux pays le long des côtes tunisiennes. ”

Click here for article.

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Filed under Algeria, Italy, Mediterranean, News, Tunisia

UK-French Summit: Declaration on immigration (Communiqués)

Following a bi-lateral meeting, the UK and French governments have released a declaration regarding actions to be taken in regard to migrants seeking to enter the UK from the Channel and North Sea coast of France.

Excerpts from the Declaration:

“At bilateral level, the French and British governments undertake to: Systematise operational co-ordination in action against illegal immigration networks, especially by exchanging information, conducting joint cross-channel police operations, and working together upstream in Europe and countries of source and transit.  A joint intelligence centre charged with the exchange and operational use of information and intelligence, and the co-ordination of its tasking, will be established in Kent (United Kingdom) with a view to becoming operational by August 2009. …

“At European level, the French and British governments will act together to: … Strengthen the operational role of Frontex, in the spirit of the European Pact on Immigration and Asylum, especially through developing operational co-operation between Frontex and third countries, establishing joint European return flights and ensuring adequate resources.

“Initiate innovative forms of co-operation between the European Union, transit countries and the High Commissioner for Refugees, by building on the EU’s Regional Protection Programmes. …

“Develop co-operation with third countries, of origin or transit, and with a specific focus on key North and West African countries, including through co-development and capacity-building measures as well as conclusion and implementation of readmission agreements, within the Global Approach to Migration that represents the European Union’s roadmap according to the European Pact on Immigration and Asylum….

“The administrative arrangement [is] signed today by the Minister for Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Co-development, for the French government, and by the Home Office Minister of State for Borders and Immigration, for the British government….”

Click here for full English text.

Click here for the French text: Déclaration franco-britannique sur l’immigration.

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Filed under Communiqués, English Channel / La Manche, France, UK

MSF Report on its Mediterranean Activities (Reports)

Blog - MSF Report CoverDoctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières has issused a short report on its activities in Italy, Greece, Malta, and Morocco: “Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers: Vulnerable People at Europe’s Doorstep”.

Click here for the link.

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Filed under Greece, Italy, Malta, Mediterranean, Morocco, Reports

UNHCR: Mediterranean Migrant Situation Unnaturally Calm (News)

The numbers of migrants reaching Malta and Italy are significantly smaller than last year’s numbers.  UNHCR spokeswoman Laura Boldrini said that the current situation is “so calm it’s almost unnatural.”  The assumption is that the recent Libya-Italy agreement and resulting (and unknown) actions by Libya are a cause of the reduced numbers.

MaltaToday reports that “[b]etween April and May, just two vessels carrying a total of 99 migrants arrived [in Malta and] no landings occurred in June.  Over the same period in 2008, some 872 African migrants landed on Malta…”

“Similarly, at …Lampedusa, [Italy] arrivals have declined 33% and 95% in April and May respectively, compared to the same period in 2008, according to UNHCR.”

“A source from the [Maltese] Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs told MaltaToday that recent crackdowns had led to a drop in illegal immigration.  Among these were reports in the Italian media that Libyan boat factories had been shut down by the authorities there, leading to criminal organisations making use of rubber dinghies and fishing vessels, an indication of a more haphazard trafficking organisation.”

“[I]t is not yet certain what sort of action is being taken by joint [Italian-Libyan] patrols and Frontex operations, and whether immigrants are being forcibly returned – in breach of international law – to Libya without being given the right to apply for asylum.”

Click here for article.

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Filed under Italy, Libya, Malta, Mediterranean, News, UNHCR

Barrot Calls for Sharing of Asylum Burden and Single Asylum Procedure (News)

Jacques Barrot, EC Vice President for Justice, Freedom and Security, in an opinion piece about migrants and refugees written for the Times of Malta warned of risks that must be avoided, including the “risk … of believing that migratory flows and the right to asylum can be dealt with mainly at national level, without the need for very close coordination within Europe. Such fragmentation of migratory policies is an absurdity within the borderless Schengen area.”

Barrot said that he will soon be making “a large number of legislative proposals” to build upon the European Pact on Immigration and Asylum.  Barrot said that asylum seekers must be covered by a single procedure regardless of where the application is made and there need to be “solidarity between member states, to take the pressure off certain countries that are being overwhelmed by migration because of their geographical position.”

Barrot called for the Dublin Regulation to be amended so that asylum applications may be pursued in a member state other than the state of first arrival: “there is a vital need to think about how to set up a voluntary programme for the balanced distribution of refugees within Europe.”

Barrot also called for an international conference to be held in Libya during the Libyan Presidency of the African Union to discuss closer cooperation with countries bordering the Mediterranean “so as to effectively combat people traffickers and establish arrangements for the reception and protection of asylum-seekers which meet international standards.”

Click here for the article.

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Filed under European Union, Libya, News

French Navy Completes 5th Frontex Mission (News)

Le PSP Arago   ©Marine nationale (France)

Le PSP Arago ©Marine nationale (France)

A French Navy ship, the PSP Arago, has completed what is reported as the Navy’s fifth Frontex mission.  The PSP Arago was based in the Aegean Sea 3-29 June 2009 and operated out of several Greek ports.  It reportedly intercepted over 200 migrants in 7 interdictions; the migrants were turned over to Greek authorities.

French naval ships have participated in Frontex missions since 2008. French naval surveillance airplanes have participated in such missions since 2006.

Click here for article (Le portail des sous-marins).

Click here for the Préfecture maritime de la Méditerranée web site: Intervenir – Participation aux missions Frontex.

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Filed under Aegean Sea, France, Frontex, Greece, News

Cuenca Colloquium on Intl Refugee Law-Common European Asylum System Phase II (30 Sept Cuenca) (Conferences)

30 September–3 October 2009 Cuenca, Spain

Extended Deadline for Applications: 20 July

Accem and the Refugee Law Reader are holding the 4th Refugee Law Colloquium which will focus on the development of Phase II of the Common European Asylum System. The objective of the Colloquium is to bring together international experts from the worlds of academia, policy and practice with advanced students (MA, LLM and PhD level) to examine major current issues in refugee law, and the research needs which they reveal. It is designed to provide a picture of international refugee protection obligations of States and their observance thereof, as well as the rights of individuals in need of international protection. These two perspectives, state obligations and individual rights, provide the pivotal points of the Colloquium.

Click here for details.

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IOM and World Islamic Call Society Seminar (6 July Tripoli) (Conferences)

The seminar will address the Italian Government-funded project known as Prometeo – Promoting Management and Expertise for Trafficking Eradication and Opposition.  Participants include the Libyan Government and local NGOs, WICS, the International Organization for Peace, Care and Relief (IOPCR) and Al Wafa.

Click here for IOM notice.

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Filed under Colloques / Conferences, Italy, Libya, Mediterranean

Italy Forcible Returns 89 More Migrants to Libya (News)

The 89 migrants, including woman and children, were reportedly first taken on board the Italian Navy patrol boat Orione which took them to an off-shore oil production platform owned by Agip located within Libyan territorial waters where the migrants were transferred to a Libyan vessel which then took them to Libya.

COE Human Rights Commissioner Thomas Hammarberg criticised the action.  “[It is] absolutely right” that not everyone who arrives in Italy has the right to asylum, but ”they certainly have the right to ask for it”. ”With [their immediate return to Libya], this is denied to them, as is the possibility that their claims are evaluated according to the principles of human rights.”

Click here and here and here for ANSA, Di-Ve, and Times of Malta reports.

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Filed under Italy, Libya, Mediterranean, News

EU Maritime Security Seminar (7-8 July Brussels) (Conferences)

The French Institut des hautes études de défense nationale (IHEDN), the Swedish EU Presidency, and the European Commission are sponsoring the seminar.  Subjects include “Maritime surveillance in the Mediterranean sea – A French view and developments”.

Click here or here for more information.

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Filed under Colloques / Conferences, European Union

Greece Says Situation in Eastern Aegean is Out of Control (News)

Greek Deputy Foreign Minister Valinakis met with European Commission Vice President Barrot and asked for urgent assistance in regard to situation in the Eastern Aegean, saying that illegal migration has “spiraled our of control.”

The Dep. FM asked for immediate assistance to include:

“ intensifying and strengthening joint operations and patrols under FRONTEX along our “sea borders, with more European resources (maritime, air, specialised experts).

“ further financial support for tackling emergencies.

“ implementing immediate and practical measures that would relieve insular areas from the pressure such as using a ship of sufficient tonnage as a first reception and transport centre for illegal migrants.”

The Deputy FM indicated that Greece has raised these proposals in Stockholm with the new Swedish EU Presidency and would seek to raise these at the European Summit in October.

Click here for Foreign Ministry statement.

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Filed under Aegean Sea, European Union, Greece, News

Deaths in Aegean and Atlantic (Cadiz); Rescues in Mediterranean (News)

Several rescued, 1 dead, 1 missing in Aegean Sea off Turkish coast.  Click here for article.

14 Rescued off Algerian coast.  Click here for article.

At least 4 dead, others missing off of Cadiz.  AFP reports that up to 30 others may have been on a small boat that sank near Cadiz.

“At the start of June, the Spanish government pointed out no migrants had reached the Spanish Canary Islands, another major entry route for Africans into Europe, and cited agreements with several African countries.”

“A record 31,678 people from sub-Saharan Africa reached Spain’s Canary Islands in 2006 on small boats from Africa, but the figure dropped to 1,318 in the first quarter of 2009.”

Click here for article.

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Filed under Aegean Sea, Algeria, Data / Stats, Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean, News, Spain, Turkey